Information on Frequency Modulation - Indirect Method
Improved frequency stability can be provided by the indirect method
of frequency modulation (FM), which is able to use a
crystal LO. In this technique a phase modulated (PM) signal
is produced and modified to be an FM signal. The
phase deviation of an FM signal is proportional to the
amplitude of the modulating signal and inversely proportional to the
modulating frequency. The phase deviation of a PM signal is
proportional to the modulating-signal voltage only. These relationships mean that
if the modulating signal is integrated before it is used
to phase-modulate a carrier, an FM waveform is obtained.